Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications

Osman, M. C,. Namukasa, M., Ficke, C., Piasecki, I., OConnor, TJ., & Carroll, M. (2023). Understanding how to diversify the cybersecurity workforce: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice, 2023, 2(4). http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jcerp/vol2023/iss2/4

Pittorie, W., Nakushian, A., Rebensky, S., Satter, M., Chaparro-Osman, M., Hunt, L., and Carroll, M. (2023). Development of a Theoretical Model of Pilot Decision Making with Conflicting Information.  The Aeronautical Journal, 127:1309, 331-345.  http://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2022.73

Osman, M.C., Sharma, V., Ficke, C., Mehta, R., & Wheeler, B.E., Carroll, M. (2022). Predicting Pilot-in-training Success and Persistence in a Private South Eastern United States University. Collegiate Aviation Review International.

Bhattacharyya, S., & Carroll, M. (2022). Editorial: Assuring Trustworthiness of Autonomous Systems as Intelligent and Ethical Teammates.  Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 9:1004094. http://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.1004094  

Rebensky, S., Carmody, K., Ficke, C., Carroll, M., & Bennett, W. (2022). Teammates instead of tools: The impacts of level of autonomy on mission performance and human–agent teaming dynamics in multi-agent distributed teams. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 9. http://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frobt.2022.782134

Carroll, M., Sanchez, P., & Wilt, D.  (2021). An examination of pilot-reported trust and response to information conflicts experienced on the flight deck.  Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 11:2, 79-87.  http://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000209

Carroll M., & Dahlstrom, N. (2021) Human computer interaction on the modern flight deck, International Journal of Human Computer Interaction, 37:7, 585-587, DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2021.1890495

Carroll, M., Rebensky, S., Wilt, D. F., Pittorie, W., Hunt, L., Chaparro, M., & Sanchez, P. (2021).  Integrating uncertified information from the electronic flight bag into the aircraft panel: impacts on pilot response.  International Journal of Human Computer Interaction, 37: 7, 630-641.  http://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1854001

Rebensky, S., Carroll, M., Bennett, W., & Hu, X. (2021). Impact of heads-up displays on small unmanned aircraft system operator situation awareness and performance: A simulated study. International Journal of Human Computer Interaction. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2021.1948683

Carroll, M. & Sanchez, P.  (2020). Decision making with conflicting information: Influencing factors and best practice guidelines.  Theoretical Issues in Ergonomic Science. doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2020.1764660 

Carroll, M., Ruble, M., Dranias, M., Rebensky, S., Chaparro, M. , Chiang, J. and Winslow, B. (2020). Automatic detection of learner engagement using machine learning and wearable sensors. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 10, 165-178. doi:10.4236/jbbs.2020.103010.

Chaparro, M.E., Carroll, M. & Malmquist, S. (2020). Personality Trends in the Pilot Population. Collegiate Aviation Review International, 38(2),  http://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/index.php/CARI/article/view/8025/7423 

Carstens, D. S., Pittorie, W. P., Carroll, M. B., & Sanchez, P. L. (2020). Review of aviation safety databases to identify information discrepancies experienced on the flight deck: Implications for NextGen. Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 10(2), 94–102.  http://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000192

Carroll, M., Lindsey, S., Chaparro, M., & Winslow, B. (2019). An applied model of learner engagement and strategies for increasing learner engagement in the modern educational environment. Interactive Learning Environments. DOI: 10.1080/10494820.2019.1636083.

Carroll, M. & Winslow, B. (2017). Examination of the impact of condensed biofeedback training on acute stress responses. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 7, 287-303.

Champney, R. K., Stanney, K. M., Milham, L., & Carroll, M. B. (2017). An examination of virtual environment training fidelity on training effectiveness. International Journal of Learning Technology, 12(1), 42-65.

Lindsey, S., Carstens, D.S. & Carroll, M. (2017). Presence level of low cost controllers for mobile based virtual reality headsets. The Journal of Management & Engineering Integration, 10(1), 59-63.

Winslow, B. D., Carroll, M. B., Martin, J. W., Surpris, G. & Chadderdon, G.L. (2015). Identification of resilient individuals and those at risk for performance deficits under stress.  Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9(328). 1-10.

Carroll, M., Kokini, C. & Moss, J. (2013). Training effectiveness of eye tracking-based feedback at improving visual search skills. International Journal of Learning Technology, 8 (2), 147-168.

Conference Presentations, Proceedings and Posters

Carmody. K., Bhoomin, C., Namukasa, M., Sharma, V., Carroll, M., Berkel, G., & Adorno, Y. (2023). Training Implications for Future Pilots in Advanced Air Mobility. In Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, & Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Dec 2023, Orlando, FL.

Ficke, C., Addis, A., Nguyen, D., Carmody, K., Thayer, A., Wildman, J.L, & Carroll, M. (2023, July). Measuring Trust in a Simulated Human Agent Team Task. Paper to be presented at the 14th International Conference for Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics.

Sharma, V., Carroll, M., & Mehta, R. (2023). Trends in Personality Traits of Flight Instructors: Analyzing Personality Traits Impact on Self-Efficacy and Risk Perception. United Aviation Association Annual Aviation Education Conference.

Gough, C., Mann, C., Ficke, C., Namukasa, M., Carroll, M., & OConnor TJ. (2024). Remote Controlled Cyber: Toward Engaging and Educating a Diverse Cybersecurity Workforce. Proceedings of the Technical Symposium of Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE TS). Portland, OR, March 2024

Namukasa, M., Carroll, M., Chauhan, B. B., Sharma, V., Carmody, K., & Wilt, D. (2023). Key Constructs, Measures, and Considerations for Human Factors Researchers in the Advanced Air Mobility Domain. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 0(0). http://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231200876

Namukasa, M., Carroll, M., Marraffino, M. D., Johnson, C. I., Whitmer, D. E., Igwe, W., & Nash, M. (2023). Not all pain leads to gain: The role of learner engagement in adaptive flashcard training. In: Sottilare, R.A., Schwarz, J. (eds) Adaptive Instructional Systems. HCII 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14044. Springer, Cham. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34735-1_2

Chauhan, B. B., Carmody, K., Namukasa, M., Sharma, V., Berkel, G., Adorno, Y., Smith, H., & Carroll, M. (2023, June). Guidelines for Information Display Characteristics for eVTOL Pilot Interfaces. 22nd The International Symposium on Aviation Psychology [Symposium]. Rochester, New York. ATLAS Lab 2023 ISAP Presentation

Carmody, K., Rebensky, S., Ficke, C., & Carroll, M. (2023). USability Analysis of Augmented Reality Glassess for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) Missions [Poster presentation]. International Symposium on aviation Psychology. Rochester, New York.

Osman, M. C., Namukasa, M., Carmody, K., Chauhan, B., Berkel, G., & Carroll, M. (2022). Perspectives for the Future: Considerations for UAM Aircraft Information Requirements. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, & Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Orlando, FL.

Sharma, V., & Carroll, M. (2022). CFIs safety behaviors at flight training schools: Understanding the effects of personality, self-efficacy, risk perception, and safety climate. National Training for Aviation Symposium. Daytona, FL.

Pittorie, W. P., Satter, M. C., & Carroll, M. (2022). Development of Upset Recovery and Basic Aerobatic Courses for Collegiate Flight Training Programs. National Training Aircraft Symposium. Daytona Beach, FL.

Nguyen, D.M., Carmody, K., Wildman, J.L., & Carroll, M. (2022). Developing a Dynamic Testbed: Designing for Trust in Complex Human-Agent Teams. Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems, Orlando, FL.

Osman, M. C., Namukasa, M., Carmody, K., Chauhan, B., Berkel, G., & Carroll, M. (2022). Perspectives for the Future: Considerations for UAM Aircraft Information Requirements. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, & Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Orlando, FL.

Ficke, C., Carmody, K., Nguyen, D., Piasecki, I., Addis, A., Akib, M., Thayer, A. L., Wildman, J. L., & Carroll, M. (2022). Improving Measurement of Trust Dynamics in Human-Agent Teams. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, & Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Orlando, FL.

Carmody, K. & Carroll, M. (2022). Don’t judge a book by its coVR: Learning and training in virtual reality: The effects of two levels of immersion. Proceedings of the Interservice/ Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Orlando, Florida.

Chaparro Osman, M., Prior, T., Rebensky, S., Nakushian A., and Carroll M. (2022). Influencing IOT device user privacy behaviors: An empirical study. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 66). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.

Carmody, K., Ficke, C., Nguyen, D., Addis, A., Rebensky, S., & Carroll, M. (2022). A qualitative analysis of trust dynamics in human-agent teams (HATS). Paper accepted by The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES), Atlanta, GA.

Chaparro Osman, M., Nakushian, A., Prior, T., Rebensky, S., & Carroll, M. (2022) User experience, knowledge, perceptions and behaviors associated with internet of things (IoT) device information security. Environments – Human Computer Interaction International.

Whitmer, D. E., Marraffino, M. D., Johnson, C. I., Namukasa, M., Carroll, M. B., Igwe, W. M., Yelencscis, G., & Nash. M. (2022, November). Flip it and reverse it: Does adaptive sequencing really work? [Poster]. Psychonomic Society Annual Meeting. Boston, MA.

Nguyen, D.M., Addis, A., Carmody, K., Ficke, C., Akib, M., Piasecki, I., Wildman, J.L, Carroll, M., & Thayer, A. (2022, July). A Multilevel Approach to Heterogeneous Human-Agent Team Trust Dynamics. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Interdisciplinary Network for Group Research, Hamburg, Germany.

Farelo, D.G., Bracaglia, L., Dailey, P., Tamrakar, S., Palladino, A., Carroll, M., & Valenti, A. (2022, April 3-7). An Adaptive Learning Model for Predicting and Analyzing Student Performance on Flight Training Tasks [Paper presentation]. SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing 2022, Orlando, Florida. http://spie.org/defense-commercial-sensing/presentation/An-adaptive-learning-model-for-predicting-and-analyzing-student-performance/12122-36?enableBackToBrowse=true

Carroll, M., Chaparro, M., Rebensky, S., Carmody, K., Mehta, R., & Pittorie, W. (2021). Adapting to the times: Examining adaptive instructional strategies in preferred and non-preferred class types. Human Computer Interaction International 2021.

Rebensky, S., Carmody, K., Ficke, C., Nguyen, D., Carroll, M., Wildman, J., & Thayer, A. (2021). Whoops! Something went wrong: Errors, trust, and trust repair strategies in human agent teaming. Human Computer Interaction International 2021.

Rebensky, S., Carroll, M., Nakushian, A., Chaparro, M., & Prior, T. (2021). Understanding the last line of defense: Human response to cybersecurity events. Human Computer Interaction International 2021.

Chaparro M., & Carroll M. (2021). Examining vigilance in a simulated unmanned aircraft system (UAS) monitoring task. Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2021).

Carroll, M. (2021) Location matters: How integrating electronic flight bag information into the aircraft panel impacts pilot response. [Conference Session].  21st International Symposium of Aviation Psychology.

Chaparro, M., Sharma, V., Ficke, C., Carroll, M., Mehta, R., Wheeler, B., & Dayiaglo, B. (2021).  Predicting pilot-in-training success in a private south eastern U.S. university.  [Conference Session].  21st International Symposium of Aviation Psychology.

Carroll, M., Wilt, D. F., & Sanchez, P. (2021). Recommended Training Practices to Prepare Pilots to Cope with Information Conflicts. In Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium of Aviation Psychology. (pp. 397-402). 

Chauhan, B., & Carroll, M. (2021).  Human factors considerations for urban air mobility.  In Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium of Aviation Psychology. (pp. 7-12). 

Pittorie, W., Rebensky, S., Hunt, L., Nakushian, A., Chaparro, M., & Carroll, M. (2021).  Factors influencing pilot trust in electronic flight bag information.  Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium of Aviation Psychology. (pp. 158-163). 

Rebensky, S., Carroll, M., Bennett, W., & Hu, X. (2020). Collaborative development of a synthetic task environment by academia and military. Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) 2020.

Ebnali, M., Bailey, S., Ciccone, B., Wilson, R., Rebensky, S., Carroll, M., Bennett, W., Hu, X., Reiner, A., Vasquez, H., Wooldridge, A., Lee, L., Verma, P., Jeong, H., Gisick, L., French., Keebler, J. (2020). Virtual reality, augmented reality, and virtual environments: Demonstrations of current technologies and future directions. HFES 2020.

Rebensky, S., Chaparro, M., & Carroll, M. (2020). Optimizing the learning experience: 

Examining interactions between the individual learner and the learning context. In: Nazir S., Ahram T., Karwowski W. (eds) Advances in Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences. Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1211. Springer, Cham

Carroll, M., Sanchez, P., Wilt, D., & Rebensky, S. (2020). Utilizing Simulation to Train

Decision Making with Conflicting Information. In: Cassenti D., Scataglini S., Rajulu S., Wright J. (eds) Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling. Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1206. Springer, Cham.

Chaparro M., Carroll M., Hook J. (2020) Improving the Usability of a Digital Neurobehavioral Assessment. In: Ahram T., Falcão C. (eds) Advances in Usability, User Experience, Wearable and Assistive Technology. Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1217. Springer, Cham 

Carroll, M., Rebensky, S., and Sanchez. (2020). Examining pilot response to cybersecurity events on the flight deck.  Presentation at the 32nd National Training Aircraft Symposium, March 2 - 4, 2020, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida.

Rebensky, S., Carroll, M., & Chaparro, M. (2020). Examination of the impact of various training approaches on different UAS operator populations. National Training Aircraft Symposium. March 2-4, Daytona Beach, FL.

Scott, T., & Carroll, M. (2020). Pilot selection research gaps: What we do and don't know about "the right stuff". National Training Aircraft Symposium. March 2-4, Daytona Beach, FL.

Carroll, M., Wilt, D. F., Sanchez, P., & Carstens, D. (2019). Examining pilot decision making in information-rich cockpits. In Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium of Aviation Psychology. (pp. 73-78), Dayton, OH. 

Pittorie, W., Carroll, M., & Carstens, D. (2019).  Effects of Verbal vs Graphical Weather Information on a Pilot’s Decision Making during Preflight. In Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium of Aviation Psychology.  (pp. 349-354). Dayton, OH.

Lindsey, S., Ganey, H.C. N., & Carroll, M. (2019). Designing military cockpits to support a broad range of personnel body sizes. Proceedings of The 20th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. May 7-10, Dayton.

Pittorie, W., Lindsey, S., Wilt, D. F., & Carroll, M. (2019).  Low-Cost Simulator for Flight Crew Human-Factors Studies. In Proceedings of the AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum and Exposition. Dallas, Texas.

Carroll M., Lindsey S., & Chaparro M. (2019). Integrating engagement inducing interventions into traditional, virtual and embedded learning environments. In Sottilare R., Schwarz J. (Eds.), Adaptive Instructional Systems. HCII 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11597. Springer, Cham. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22341-0_22

Sanchez P.L. & Carroll M. B. (2019). Optimization of user interfaces in the digitization of paper-based processes: A case study of a mobile aviation application. In Marcus A., Wang W. (Eds.) Design, User Experience, and Usability. Practice and Case Studies. HCII 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11586. Springer, Cham. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23535-2_40

Lindsey S., Carroll M., & Carstens D. (2019). Evaluation of the impact of mobile VR interaction methods on performance, preference, and enjoyment. In Stephanidis C. (eds) HCI International 2019 - Posters. HCII 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1033. Springer, Cham. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23528-4_55

Carroll, M., Padron, C., Quinn, S., Surpris, G., Winslow, B., & Viklund, E.  (2015). Effectiveness of process level feedback at training tactical decision making. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL.

Carroll, M., Surpris, G., Sidor, G., & Bennett, W. (2015). Evaluation of an eye tracking-based assessment and debrief tool for training next generation multirole tactical aviation skills.  Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Dayton, OH.

Carroll, M., Winslow, B., Padron, C., Surpris, G., Murphy, J., Wong, J. & Squire, P. (2014). Inducing stress in warfighters during simulation-based training. Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL.

B. Winslow, M. Carroll, D. Jones, F. Hannigan, K. Hale, K. Stanney, & P. Squire (2013). Quantifying resilience to enhance individualized training. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Las Vegas, NV.

Carroll, M., Strally, S., Surpris, G., Archer, M., & Bennett, W.  (2013).  Enhancing HMD-based Joint Strike Fighter training through integration of eye tracking and EEG Technology.  Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction.  July 2026, Las Vegas, NV. 

Books and Book Chapters

Carroll,. M. (2023).  Decision Making in Aviation.  In J.R. Keebler, E.H. Lazzara, K.A. Wilson & E.L. Blickensderfer (Eds.), Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace (3rd ed., pp. 563-588). Elsevier.

Carroll, M., Rebensky, S., Chaparro, M., & Deaton, J.  (2023).  Justification for use of simulation.  In D. Vincenzi, M. Mouloua, and J. Wise (Eds.), Human Factors in Simulation and Training 2^nd Edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Carroll, M., & Malmsquist, S. (2022).  Resilient performance in aviation.  In C. Nemeth & E. Hollnagel (Eds.) Advancing Resilient Performance. Springer, Cham. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74689-6_7

Stanney, K., Carroll, M., Champney, R., DeVore, L., & Hale, K. (2017). Virtual Environment Training Design: Pros, Cons, and Tailored Solutions. In Fundamental Issues in Defense Training and Simulation (pp. 169-178). CRC Press.

Stanney, K. M., Hale, K. S., Carroll, M. & Champney, R. (2015). Applied perception and virtual environment training systems. In J.L. Szalma, M. Scerbo, R. Parasuraman, P.A. Hancock, & R.R. Hoffman (Eds.), The Handbook of Applied Perception Research. Cambridge University Press.

Carroll, M., Johnston, M., & Hale, K. (2014). Visual perceptual skills training in virtual environments. In K.S. Hale (Ed.), Handbook of Virtual Environments: Designs, Implementations and Applications, 2nd Edition. Lawrence, Erlbaum Associates, Inc.: NY, NY. 

Champney, R. K. Carroll, M., Surpris, G., & Cohn, J. V. (2014). Conducting training transfer studies in virtual environments. In K.S. Hale (Ed), Handbook of Virtual Environments: Designs, Implementations and Applications, 2nd Edition. Lawrence, Erlbaum Associates, Inc.: NY, NY. 

Munro, A. Patrey, J., Biddle, E. S., & Carroll, M.  (2014). Cognitive aspects of virtual environment design. In K.S. Hale (Ed.), Handbook of Virtual Environments: Designs, Implementations and Applications, 2nd Edition. Lawrence, Erlbaum Associates, Inc.: NY, NY. 

Stanney, K., Carroll, M., Champney, R., DeVore, L., & Hale, K. (2013). Virtual environment training design: Pros, cons and tailored solutions. In C. Best, G. Galanis, J. Kerry, & R. Sottilare (Eds.), Fundamental Issues in Defense Training and Simulation. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

Fuchs, S., Carpenter, A., Carroll, M. & Hale, K. (2011). A hierarchical adaptation framework for adaptive training systems. In D.D. Schmorrow & C.M. Fidopiastis (Eds.), Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Directing the Future of Adaptive Systems. LNAI 6780. (pp. 413-421). Springer: New York.

Champney, R., Milham, L. M., Carroll, M. B., Ahmad, A., Stanney, K. M., Cohn, J., & Muth, E. (2008). Conducting training transfer studies in complex operational environments.  In D. Schmorrow, J. Cohn, & D. Nicholson (Eds.), The Handbook of Virtual Environment Training: Understanding, Predicting and Implementing Effective Training Solutions for Accelerated and Experiential Learning. Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing.

Milham, L. M., Carroll, M. B., Stanney, K. M., & Becker, W. (2008). Training requirements analysis. In D. Schmorrow, J. Cohn, & D. Nicholson (Eds.), The Handbook of Virtual Environment Training: Understanding, Predicting and Implementing Effective Training Solutions for Accelerated and Experiential Learning. Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing.

Thompson, T., Carroll, M. B., & Deaton, J. E. (2008). Justification for use of simulation.  In D.

Vincenzi, M. Mouloua, and J. Wise (Eds.), Human Factors in Simulation and Training. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Cohn, J. V., Stanney, K. M., Milham, L. M., Carroll, M. B., Jones, D. L., Sullivan, J. A., & Darken, R.P., (2008). Training effectiveness evaluation: From theory to practice. In D. Schmorrow, J. Cohn, & D. Nicholson (Eds.), The Handbook of Virtual Environment

Training: Understanding, Predicting and Implementing Effective Training Solutions for Accelerated and Experiential Learning. Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing.

Becker, W. J., Burke, C. S., Sciarini, L. W., Milham, L., Carroll, M. B., Schaffer, R., & Wilbert, D.  (2008). Training effectiveness experimentation with the USMC Deployable Virtual Training Environment - Combined Arms Network.  In D. Schmorrow, J. Cohn, & D.

Nicholson (Eds.), The Handbook of Virtual Environment Training: Understanding, Predicting and Implementing Effective Training Solutions for Accelerated and Experiential Learning (Vol 3, Sec 2, pp.308-323). Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing.